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Argentina
 Argentina
The home of the sultry tango does a good line in fiery soccer and juicy steaks.
Argentina's pleasures - stunning natural wonders, an elegant capital with a European-flavored sophistication, and a passionate culture - are as tempting as ever. The silver lining to the financial cloud is that it's now one of the best travel bargains around. This is one Latin American country where Europeans and North Americans can feel at ease and travel relatively inconspicuously. An interest in soccer and some nimble foot skills may be all you need to blend in with the locals.
For residents of the Northern Hemisphere, Argentina offers travelers the possibility of enjoying two summers in one year, but the country's great variety and elongated geography means visiting is pleasant during any season. Patagonian destinations, such as the Moreno Glacier in Santa Cruz, are best visited in the summer months (December to February ) when the weather's milder and more services are available. Outside this time, services thin out and public transport becomes trickier. Spring and autumn are the best times to visit Buenos Aires (the summer is hot and humid). Mendoza, Córdoba and the Lake District are all spectacular in autumn, when the leaves are fiery reds and yellows, the temperatures are comfortable and the crowds are few.
Northern Argentina, including the Iguazú Falls in the subtropical Misiones province, is also more pleasant in the Southern Hemisphere's winter or spring when heat and humidity are less oppressive. Ski season runs mid-June through mid-October, and the resorts are most expensive and most crowded during July and August when every porteño (person from Buenos Aires) seems to be on the slopes. The most expensive times to travel are the Argentine vacation months of January, February and July. Argentina's climate ranges from subtropical in the north to humid and steamy in the center, and cold in the south. The upper Andes region has erratic rainfall, flash floods (in summer), searing heat, snow at higher elevations, and the Zonda - a hot, dry wind. The lowlands receive sufficient rainfall to support swampy forests and upland savanna, but rainfall decreases towards the west; shallow summer flooding is common in the east. The winter dry season is pronounced, and the summer heat can be brutal. The flat Pampas areas are also vulnerable to flooding. Patagonia is mild year-round in the east and glacial in the south. Patagonian weather ranges widely during the year, from relatively temperate in the northeast to glacial along the Andes to fairly chilly in the far south.
Travel Warning: Yellow Fever Alert
Due to an increase in cases of yellow fever in early 2008, travelers to the northeast and north of Argentina, including Puerto Iguazú and all areas bordering Paraguay and Brazil, are advised to get a vaccination before departure.
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Argentinas Economic Collapse |
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Documentary on the events that led to the economic collapse of Argentina in 2001 which wiped out the middle class and raised the level of poverty to 57.5%.
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Argentina's Economic Collapse. Video hosted on Google. Central to the collapse was the implementation of neo-liberal policies which enabled the swindle of billions of dollars by foreign banks and corporations. Many of Argentina's assets and resources were shamefully plundered. Its financial system was even used for money laundering by Citibank, Credit Suisse, and JP Morgan. The net result was massive wealth transfers and the impoverishment of society which culminated in many deaths due to oppression and malnutrition. If you want to stop the same thing from happening here, and it is happening here, right now, please join the revolution at the Kick Them All Out Projet http://www.KickThemAllOut.com and the Fire Congress Campaign. The Argentine economic crisis was part of the situation that affected Argentina's economy during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Macroeconomically speaking, the critical period started with the decrease of real GDP in 1999 and ended in 2002 with the return to GDP growth, but the origins of the collapse of Argentina's economy, and their effects on the population, can be found in action before. As of 2005, arguably the crisis was over, though many challenges remain for the country.
Argentina was subject to military dictatorship (alternating with weak, short-lived democratic governments) for many years, that resulted in a number of significant economic problems. During the National Reorganization Process (1976-1983) huge debt was acquired for money that was later lost in different unfinished projects, the Falklands War, and the state's takeover of private debts; in this period, a neoliberal economic platform was introduced. By the end of the military government the country's industries were severely affected and unemployment, calculated at 18% (though official figures claimed 5%), was at its highest point since the depression. In 1983, democracy in the  country was restored with the election of president Raúl Alfonsín. The new government's plans included stabilizing Argentina's economy including the creation of a new currency (the Austral, first of its kind not to carry the word peso as part of its name), for which new loans were required. The state eventually became unable to pay the interest of this debt and confidence in the Austral collapsed. Inflation, which had been held to 10 to 20% a month, spiraled out of control. In July, 1989, Argentina's inflation reached 200% that month alone, topping 5,000% for the year. During the Alfonsin years, unemployment did not substantially increase; but, real wages fell by almost half (to the lowest level in fifty years). Amid riots, President Alfonsín resigned five months before ending his term, and Carlos Menem, who was already President-elect, took office. Menem, who had campaigned on a populist platform, had a lukewarm start regarding the country's economy under ministers Miguel Ángel Roig (who died after a few days in office) and Antonio Erman González, but then went back on his promises and began a plan, aligned on the neoliberal Washington consensus, of trade liberalisation, labor deregulation and privatisation of state companies which were the source of "much spending "(such as those providing the telephone, energy and water services).
Argentina quickly lost the confidence of investors and the flight of money away from the country increased. In 2001, people fearing the worst began withdrawing large sums of money from their bank accounts, turning pesos into dollars and sending them abroad, causing a run on the banks. The government then enacted a set of measures (informally known as the corralito) that effectively froze all bank accounts for twelve months, allowing for only minor sums of cash to be withdrawn. Because of this allowance limit and the serious problems it caused in certain cases, many Argentines became enraged and took to the streets of important cities, especially Buenos Aires. They engaged in a form of popular protest that became known as cacerolazo (banging pots and pans). These protests occurred especially during the period of 2001 to 2002. At first the cacerolazos were simply noisy demonstrations, but soon they included property destruction, often directed at banks, foreign privatized companies, and especially big American and European companies. Many businesses installed metal barriers because windows and glass facades were being broken, and even fires being ignited at their doors. Billboards of such companies as Coca Cola and others were brought down by the masses of demonstrators. Confrontations between the police and citizens became a common sight, and fires were also set on Buenos Aires avenues. Fernando de la Rúa declared a state of emergency (illegally since it needed confirmation by the Congress) but this only worsened the situation, precipitating the violent protests of 20 and 21 December 2001 in Plaza de Mayo, where demonstrators clashed with the police, ended with several dead, and precipitated the fall of the government. De la Rúa eventually fled the Casa Rosada in a helicopter on 21 December. Since De la Rúa's vice president, Carlos Álvarez, had resigned in October 2000, a political crisis ensued. Following presidential succession procedures established in the Constitution, the president of the Senate Ramón Puerta took office but quickly resigned, followed by the president of the Chamber of Deputies, Eduardo Camaño. The Legislative Assembly (a body formed by merging both chambers of the Congress) convened with the goal of creating a more legitimate interim government. By law, the candidates were its own members plus the Governors of the Provinces -they finally appointed Adolfo Rodríguez Saá, then governor of San Luis. During the last week of 2001, the interim government led by Rodríguez Saá, facing the impossibility of meeting debt  payments, defaulted on the larger part of the public debt, totalling no less than 93 billion. Politically, the most heated debate involved the time for the following elections -the spectrum ranged from March 2002 to October 2003 (the original date for the ending of De la Rúa's office). Rodríguez Saá's economy team came up with a project designed to preserve the convertibility regime, dubbed the "Third Currency" Plan. It consisted of creating a new, non-convertible currency called Argentino coexisting with convertible pesos and U.S. dollars. It would only circulate as cash (checks, promisory notes or other instruments could be nominated in pesos or dollars but not in Argentinos) and would be partially guaranteed with federally-managed land -such features were expected to counterbalance inflationary tendencies. Argentinos having legal currency status would be used to redeem all complementary currency already in circulation -the acceptance of which as a means of payment was quite uneven. It was hoped that preservation of convertibility would restore public confidence, while the non-convertible nature of this currency would allow for a measure of fiscal flexibility (unthinkable with pesos) that could ameliorate the crippling recession of economy. Critics called this plan merely a "controlled devaluation"; its advocates countered that since controlling a devaluation is perhaps its thorniest issue, this criticism was a praise in disguise. The "Third Currency" plan had enthusiastic supporters among mainstream economists (the most notorious being perhaps Martín Redrado, current president of the central bank) citing sound technical arguments. However, it could never be implemented because the Rodríguez Saá government lacked the political support required. Rodríguez Saá, utterly incapable to deal with the crisis and unsupported by his own party, resigned before the end of the year. The Legislative Assembly convened again, appointing Peronist Eduardo Duhalde-then a Senator for the Buenos Aires province-to take his place.
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In this episode of 48, Amanda and the crew travel through the Argentinean capital, Buenos Aires, on a journey from the shanty towns to the most chic areas. On the way they discover how this city is recovering with characteristic passion from the financial and economic crisis of 2001, which saw the country go through five presidents in a few weeks.
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Argentina in 48 hours. Video hosted on Youtube. While European and American governments have recently spent billions so their citizens did not lose out in the global financial crisis, our local guide Macarena shows us how a similar crisis had a very different end in Argentina. Macarena was among the thousands who gathered in the central square in December 2001, to protest against the government's decision to lock them out of their bank accounts. It was a desperate measure to prevent total economic collapse as the peso plummeted to a third of its value, life savings were greatly depreciated and hundreds of thousands of people lost their jobs. But many refused to accept this, and a new business model was born – the worker-owned cooperative. Macarena introduces us to the staff at Hotel Bauen who broke into the building a few months after management shut its doors, and pooled their energy and cash for 18-months before eventually welcoming guests back into its splendid 1970's-style rooms. The biggest victims of the 2001 crash were people like the 13-strong Almeira family, who went from working class to underclass. We visit the shanty town on the outskirts of the city to meet Edith and her daughter Maira, who since the crash have been 'cartoneros', making a living sifting rubbish for recyclable material. We join them for their evening collection round, to fill a sack which they will sell for $4.When the shift is over, cartonera Maira takes us to a night club playing 'Cumbia Villera', a controversial form of Colombian folk music born from the poverty of the slums, and scorned by the middle-classes. But it is not quite the hardcore music we were expecting ... Argentines are famous for their looks and style, and the next morning we head to Palermo, chic hangout of the rich and famous. At Café Vain, we meet writer Gonzalo Otalora who thinks attractive people should pay more tax, and takes us on a hunt for "beautiful people" to make his case. Traumatised by a morning surrounded by gorgeousness, Gonzalo then accompanies us to meet art therapist Luis Formaiano, who trained during the 1970s, when psychotherapists were among those 'disappeared' by the paranoid military junta. Luis tells us why he thinks Buenos Aires now boasts more psychotherapists per capita than anywhere in the world.
But there is one obsession no psychotherapy can cure - the Argentines' mania for football. While Argentine football has recently been marred by organised violence, Macarena takes us to a premiership club where we meet third generation Banfield fan Pasty - who swears his blood is not red, but made of team colours green and white. As his fellow fans sing and dance away, he explains how Banfield fans are not violent, but filled with "the loveness".
From: AljaZeera.
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