Ecuador

Ecuador may be tiny, but it sure packs a spectacular punch.

The smallest country in the rugged Andean highlands, Ecuador has an array of vibrant indigenous cultures, well-preserved colonial architecture, otherworldly volcanic landscapes, dense rainforest and sublime islands - all in a nation no bigger than the US state of Nevada.

Once a banana republic, Ecuador's politicians still pocket the wealth accumulated from its treasures: a picture-perfect capital, the all-consuming Amazonian jungle, breathtaking wildlife reserves, ancient sites, remote indigenous villages, and, of course, world-famous tropical beaches.

Heavy rains and floods across Ecuador prompted the national government to declare a state of emergency in February, and the inclement weather continues. Travel to Quito was badly affected by a landslide on 31 March, and floods around the city of Loja have caused serious damage. Travellers should expect delays to transport services, and very poor road conditions.

Tungurahua volcano, south of Quito, is currently more active than usual, prompting authorities to declare a red alert and evacuate nearby residents. Visitors are prohibited from going near the volcano, and entry into the city of Baños is limited. Travelers should heed local advice and be aware that an eruption could occur at any time.

There have been several reports of robberies and rape on Volcán Pichincha, near Quito. Armed with machetes and guns, the robbers have attacked groups of hikers on the main trail up Rucu Pichincha from the telefériQo. We're hoping these attacks will cease with a planned increase in security, but it's best to check with your embassy or with South American Explorers for an update on the situation before considering a hike here.

There is a high risk to the security of those traveling in the northern areas of Ecuador that border with Colombia because of kidnappings, military and guerrilla activity and increased crime. Landmines are also present in the Cordillera del Cóndor region, bordering Peru. These areas should be avoided.